Structural Characteristics
- Shape: Typically a vertical cylinder, with convex heads at the top and bottom, such as an arch, and a height significantly greater than the diameter.
- Support Method: The bottom is directly supported by a foundation platform, or fixed by outriggers or skirts, ensuring vertical stability.
- Pressure Distribution: Liquid static pressure is concentrated at the bottom of the tank, requiring high bottom strength; sidewall pressure increases with liquid level.
Main Types
Classification by Top Structure (Most Common):
Fixed Roof Tanks: Low cost, suitable for non-volatile or slightly volatile liquids (such as diesel, water, and chemical raw materials).
Floating Roof Tanks:
External Floating Roof Tanks: The floating roof is exposed to the atmosphere, suitable for storing bulk volatile products such as crude oil. The effects of rainfall and sandstorms must be considered.
Internal Floating Roof Tanks: A floating roof is added inside a fixed roof tank. Combining the advantages of fixed roofs (rain and sand protection) and floating roofs (reduced losses), these tanks are commonly used for clean, volatile products such as gasoline.
Low-pressure/high-pressure tanks: Capable of withstanding high internal pressure (e.g., several kPa), these tanks are used to store products with boiling points below room temperature or extremely high volatility (e.g., light naphtha, LPG).
Classified by construction material:
Carbon steel tanks: The most common type, requiring corrosion protection treatment (coating, lining) depending on the medium.
Stainless steel tanks: Used for food, pharmaceuticals, and high-purity or corrosive chemicals.
Composite material tanks (e.g., fiberglass): Corrosion resistant and lightweight.
Concrete tanks: Used for large-scale water storage or special explosion-proof applications.
Product advantages
High space utilization: The vertical liquid storage tank design results in a small footprint, suitable for use in spaces with limited space, achieving a large storage capacity on a small floor area.
Facilitates gravity flow: Liquids settle naturally due to gravity, facilitating bottom discharge, especially suitable for production scenarios requiring frequent material handling, and can utilize level differences for gravity-flow transport.
Applications
Petroleum Industry
Strategic and commercial reserves of crude oil and refined petroleum products (gasoline, diesel, jet fuel).
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Chemical Industry
Storage of various raw materials (methanol, benzene, acids, alkalis), intermediates, and products.
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Food Industry
Edible oils, alcoholic beverages, fruit juices, syrups, etc.
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Water Treatment
Storage of clean water, fire-fighting water, and treated greywater.
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Others
Process storage tanks in industries such as nuclear power, textiles, and papermaking.
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